Flux.jl/docs/src/models/regularisation.md

# Regularisation

Applying regularisation to model parameters is straightforward. We just need to
apply an appropriate regulariser, such as `vecnorm`, to each model parameter and
add the result to the overall loss.

For example, say we have a simple regression.

```julia
m = Dense(10, 5)
loss(x, y) = crossentropy(softmax(m(x)), y)
```

We can regularise this by taking the (L2) norm of the parameters, `m.W` and `m.b`.

```julia
penalty() = vecnorm(m.W) + vecnorm(m.b)
loss(x, y) = crossentropy(softmax(m(x)), y) + penalty()
```

When working with layers, Flux provides the `params` function to grab all
parameters at once. We can easily penalise everything with `sum(vecnorm, params)`.

```julia
julia> params(m)
2-element Array{Any,1}:
 param([0.355408 0.533092; … 0.430459 0.171498])
 param([0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0])

julia> sum(vecnorm, params(m))
26.01749952921026 (tracked)
```

Here's a larger example with a multi-layer perceptron.

```julia
m = Chain(
  Dense(28^2, 128, relu),
  Dense(128, 32, relu),
  Dense(32, 10), softmax)

loss(x, y) = crossentropy(m(x), y) + sum(vecnorm, params(m))

loss(rand(28^2), rand(10))
```