</script><linkhref="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/normalize/4.2.0/normalize.min.css"rel="stylesheet"type="text/css"/><linkhref="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato|Roboto+Mono"rel="stylesheet"type="text/css"/><linkhref="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css"rel="stylesheet"type="text/css"/><linkhref="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/default.min.css"rel="stylesheet"type="text/css"/><script>documenterBaseURL=".."</script><scriptsrc="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/require.js/2.2.0/require.min.js"data-main="../assets/documenter.js"></script><scriptsrc="../siteinfo.js"></script><scriptsrc="../../versions.js"></script><linkhref="../assets/documenter.css"rel="stylesheet"type="text/css"/><linkhref="../../flux.css"rel="stylesheet"type="text/css"/></head><body><navclass="toc"><h1>Flux</h1><selectid="version-selector"onChange="window.location.href=this.value"style="visibility: hidden"></select><formclass="search"id="search-form"action="../search.html"><inputid="search-query"name="q"type="text"placeholder="Search docs"/></form><ul><li><aclass="toctext"href="../index.html">Home</a></li><li><spanclass="toctext">Building Models</span><ul><li><aclass="toctext"href="../models/basics.html">Basics</a></li><li><aclass="toctext"href="../models/recurrence.html">Recurrence</a></li><li><aclass="toctext"href="../models/regularisation.html">Regularisation</a></li><li><aclass="toctext"href="../models/layers.html">Model Reference</a></li></ul></li><li><spanclass="toctext">Training Models</span><ul><liclass="current"><aclass="toctext"href="optimisers.html">Optimisers</a><ulclass="internal"><li><aclass="toctext"href="#Optimiser-Reference-1">Optimiser Reference</a></li></ul></li><li><aclass="toctext"href="training.html">Training</a></li></ul></li><li><aclass="toctext"href="../data/onehot.html">One-Hot Encoding</a></li><li><aclass="toctext"href="../gpu.html">GPU Support</a></li><li><aclass="toctext"href="../saving.html">Saving & Loading</a></li><li><spanclass="toctext">Internals</span><ul><li><aclass="toctext"href="../internals/tracker.html">Backpropagation</a></li></ul></li><li><aclass="toctext"href="../community.html">Community</a></li></ul></nav><articleid="docs"><header><nav><ul><li>Training Models</li><li><ahref="optimisers.html">Optimisers</a></li></ul><aclass="edit-page"href="https://github.com/FluxML/Flux.jl/blob/master/docs/src/training/optimisers.md"><spanclass="fa"></span> Edit on GitHub</a></nav><hr/><divid="topbar"><span>Optimisers</span><aclass="fa fa-bars"href="#"></a></div></header><h1><aclass="nav-anchor"id="Optimisers-1"href="#Optimisers-1">Optimisers</a></h1><p>Consider a <ahref="../models/basics.html">simple linear regression</a>. We create some dummy data, calculate a loss, and backpropagate to calculate gradients for the parameters <code>W</code> and <code>b</code>.</p><pre><codeclass="language-julia">using Flux.Tracker
grads = Tracker.gradient(() -> loss(x, y), params)</code></pre><p>We want to update each parameter, using the gradient, in order to improve (reduce) the loss. Here's one way to do that:</p><pre><codeclass="language-julia">using Flux.Tracker: grad, update!
end</code></pre><p>Running this will alter the parameters <code>W</code> and <code>b</code> and our loss should go down. Flux provides a more general way to do optimiser updates like this.</p><pre><codeclass="language-julia">opt = Descent(0.1) # Gradient descent with learning rate 0.1
end</code></pre><p>An optimiser <code>update!</code> accepts a parameter and a gradient, and updates the parameter according to the chosen rule. We can also pass <code>opt</code> to our <ahref="training.html">training loop</a>, which will update all parameters of the model in a loop. However, we can now easily replace <code>Descent</code> with a more advanced optimiser such as <code>ADAM</code>.</p><h2><aclass="nav-anchor"id="Optimiser-Reference-1"href="#Optimiser-Reference-1">Optimiser Reference</a></h2><p>All optimisers return an object that, when passed to <code>train!</code>, will update the parameters passed to it.</p><pre><codeclass="language-none">SGD